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Preventing Oral Cancer: Risk Factors and Early Detection Methods
Oral cancer ranks 13th globally but is highly preventable. Professor Irina Makeeva identifies key risk factors: tobacco, alcohol, trauma from ill-fitting dentures, oncogenic HPV strains, and galvanic currents from metal crowns. Early detection via visual inspection and fluorescence diagnostics is crucial, with treatment focusing on addressing the underlying cause and removing affected tissue.
- What diagnostic methods are available for early detection of oral cancer and precancerous lesions?
- These irritants cause hyperkeratosis—thickening and keratinization of the mucous membrane—which can, without treatment, lead to precancerous and cancerous changes. High-risk factors include oncogenic HPV strains (blocking the p53 gene) and the combination of HPV and smoking (increasing risk 40-fold). Galvanic currents from dissimilar metal crowns also contribute, causing dryness and accelerating changes.
- What are the primary risk factors for oral cancer, and how significantly do they increase the risk?
- Oral cancer, including cancers of the lip and throat, ranks 13th globally in prevalence. However, this widespread cancer is highly preventable. Professor Irina Makeeva highlights key risk factors: tobacco smoke (including e-cigarettes), hot/spicy food, alcohol, and chronic trauma from ill-fitting dentures or sharp tooth edges.
- What are the long-term consequences of delayed diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer, and how can these consequences be mitigated?
- Early detection is crucial. Methods include visual inspection for lesions and fluorescence diagnostics (AFS "Polyrnik"), which differentiates healthy, inflamed, and cancerous tissue. Treatment involves addressing the cause of trauma, HPV testing, saliva pH-metry to check for galvanic currents, and removal of affected tissue. Continued harmful habits negate treatment efficacy.
Cognitive Concepts
Framing Bias
The article frames oral cancer prevention as achievable and emphasizes the role of early detection, potentially influencing readers to focus more on preventative measures than on other aspects of the disease. The headline and introduction highlight the preventability of the cancer, which is a positive framing but might overshadow the severity of the disease if left untreated.
Bias by Omission
The article focuses primarily on prevention and early detection of oral cancer, potentially omitting discussion of treatments for advanced stages or the challenges faced by patients with limited access to healthcare. The limitations of scope, particularly concerning the breadth of treatment options and societal disparities in access, are not explicitly acknowledged.
Sustainable Development Goals
The article focuses on preventing and early detecting oral cancer, a significant public health issue. Early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions drastically improve outcomes and survival rates, aligning with the SDG target of reducing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases. The article details preventative measures, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches for oral cancer.