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DRC Conflict: M23's Control of Coltan Mines
M23 rebels' expansion in DRC's North Kivu fueled by coltan, causing conflict and displacement.
German
Germany
Human Rights ViolationsEnergy SecurityConflictAfricaRebellionMineralsResource Control
M23UnWazalendoNduma Defense Of Congo Rénové (Ndc-R)Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (Acled)
Guidon Shimiray MwissaAugustin Muhesi
- How does the M23 profit from its control of territory in North Kivu?
- The UN reports that the M23 generates significant income from taxes on coltan production in areas under their control, approximately $300,000 monthly. The Congolese government accuses the M23 of exporting this coltan to Rwanda.
- Who are the main actors involved in the ongoing conflict in North Kivu?
- The conflict involves various armed groups, including the Congolese army, the M23 rebels, and local militias like the Wazalendo. The UN estimates that 3000-4000 Rwandan soldiers support the M23, contributing to the ongoing violence.
- What was the outcome of the ceasefire agreement between Rwanda and the DRC?
- An August 2024 ceasefire agreement between Rwanda and the DRC proved short-lived. Renewed fighting has led to further displacement and civilian casualties, highlighting the ongoing instability.
- What is the impact of the M23's expansion on the civilian population of North Kivu?
- The M23's advance has led to the displacement of many people and increased conflict with the Congolese army and local militias. Their expansion is fueled by the desire to control the lucrative mineral resources in the region.
- What is the primary motivation behind the M23 rebel's offensive in the Democratic Republic of Congo?
- The M23 rebels, supported by Rwanda, have significantly expanded their control over North Kivu in the DRC since late 2021, driven by the desire to control valuable mineral resources like gold and coltan.